磁共振技术的发展历程及现状
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2003</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研发领域发生了一件大事，这年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，诺贝尔医学奖评委会宣布，本年度的诺贝尔生理或医学奖授予了美国的保罗·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">·劳特伯（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Paul C Lauterbur</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和英国的皮特·曼斯菲尔德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(Peter Mansfield</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），表彰他们对磁共振成像技术做出的杰出贡献。至此，磁共振技术领域及相关技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度诺贝尔奖。（因于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1946</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年发现了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现象，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bloch</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Puecell</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同时分享了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1952</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的诺贝尔物理学奖；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1991</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R.Ernst</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因将脉冲傅立叶转换应用于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方面得成就而获诺贝尔化学奖。）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现象的影像学新技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的基本原理是：当处于磁场中的物质受到射频（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）电磁波的激励时，如果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电磁波的频率与磁场的强度的关系满足拉莫尔方程，侧组成物质的一些原子核会发生共振，即所谓的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。此时原子核吸收了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电磁波的能量，当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电磁波停止激励时，吸收了能量的原子核就会把这部分的能量释放出来，即发射的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">信号，通过测量核分析此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">信号，就可得到物质结构的物理和化学信息。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现以来，从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1950-1970</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年期间，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">NMR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用于分子结构化学和物理分析。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1971</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R.Damadian</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现正常组织与肿瘤组织间核磁驰豫有差别，因此激励了科学家研究用磁共振诊断疾病的热情。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1973</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hounsfield</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发明了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，医院愿意花费巨额购买设备；激发了磁共振的发。同年，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R.Lauterbur</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">采用类似与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的背投技术完成了小试管内样本的磁共振成像。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1975</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R.Ernst</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将像位、频率编码和傅立叶转换这些现代技术应用与磁共振，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1977</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年达马迪安等人建成了人类历史上第一台全身</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备，并于同年的</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="3" Month="7" Year="2007"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">取了历史上的第一幅横断面质子密度图像（用时长达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">45</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，第一台可以于临床的全身</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fonar</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司诞生，从此以后，磁共振成像走过了从理论到实践、从形态到功能、从二维到四维、从宏观到微观的发展历史。如果说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1901</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年获得诺贝尔物理学奖的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">射线和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1979</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年获得诺贝尔医学奖的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成像技术是上个世纪医学影像诊断备的巨大成就，那么磁共振成像技术的发展则代表着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪医学影像诊断设备和技术的发展。今天，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">已经确立了其在影像诊断的重要地位。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备一般来说主要由磁体系统、梯度系统、频谱系统及计算机图像处理工作站等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年来磁共振的发展可谓是日新月异，特别是近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年来的高速发展，使磁共振无论从硬件和软件上都得到了极大的飞跃。从而使成像技术、方法以及在临床疾病诊断方面都带来了革命性的改变，下面主要从磁共振设备的发展，以及成像技术和在临床上的应用作简单的介绍。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>(F }ng At(i
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">场强与图像的质量密切相关，高的场强可以提高图像的时间及空间的分辩率，提高诊断正确性。刚投入使用时的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">普遍的场强是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.5T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是凤毛麟角的好设备；梯度场一般都小于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10 mT/m</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，即使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.5 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也不会超过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15 mT/m</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代中期前的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然已经具备了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15 mT/m</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的梯度场。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1991</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FJ Davies </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授领导来自以色列、英国的工程小组制造出了世界上首台</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">超导磁体，从此高场强</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的概念已经突破了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.5 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的范围，迈入了超高场强的领域。两年后，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 4.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的磁体相继面世。到本世纪初，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">超高场磁体及商业化整机完全适应了临床和科研两方面的需要，使得市场的需求高速增长，目前全球</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">超高场</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">已经装机的估计已超过了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">台。由此也带来了神经系统、心血管系统的应用飞速进步。不久前来华访问的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Keith R. Thulborn</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授在伊利诺伊大学介绍了应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9.4 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磁共振进行基因、蛋白及细胞代谢等分子水平功能影像的研究。超高场的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以成倍提高图象的信噪比，大大提高空间和时间分辨率，对于高分辨率成像和功能甚至分子影像学的发展有极其重要的意义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>3T7` D.iL8Le+`"O
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P> _/w Clv~6r
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磁体系统是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的核心部分，磁体的技术发展直接代表着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备技术的发展。磁体的大小决定了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备的体积，初始由于磁体技术尚未成熟，且设备中需要多个磁体，从而导致设备笨重庞大，需要极大的空间安放，给生产及组装带来了极大的困难。随着磁体技术的成熟，使磁体体积不断的减小，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备体积也相应的得到了解决。以前及现在大多的设备，患者检查时仍然在一个狭小黑暗的空间中进行，不免某些患者会导致幽闭恐惧症发生，这迫使物理学家想方设法缩短磁体的长度，增加患者的舒适空间（但缩短磁体的代价可能是磁场均匀性的变坏最终影响成像质量）。随着基础匀场和动态线性、动态高阶匀场技术的不断发展与成熟，磁体的长度也在不断缩短。另一方面，同样基于这种以患者为中心的设计理念以及磁共振在介入治疗领域的拓展，垂直磁场、开放式设计的磁共振也得到了广泛应用。本世纪初，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.5 m</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长的磁体上市了，但仍未能摆脱检查狭窄空间。对患者舒适空间的不断探求，催生出了全新一代的垂直开放式磁场的磁体，并于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1995</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年首先在永磁体上实现。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1995</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，波士顿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brigham and Women</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">医院的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ferenc Jolesz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授构思发明的，可以满足临床手术要求的全</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">360</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度开放的术中超导磁共振诞生了，这位匈牙利后裔被人们亲切地称为“双面包圈”磁共振之父，从那时起，磁共振从医学影像诊断的自由王国诗史般地迈入了全新的微创、精确治疗领域。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1999</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，垂直开放的超导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.7 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磁体出现了，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2004</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RSNA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上，第一台全身应用型的开放式超导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.0 T </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磁共振被正式推向市场。现在，用于脑功能研究的垂直放超导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.0 T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也将面世，患者可以或站、或坐在磁体里接受检查。为了适合手术特别是随着介入的迅速发展，临床医生希望</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能灵活运动，以更好配合他们手术过程。因此现在在国外，出现了可以移动的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，我想可以称为“会飞的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>4n ~q8paP R4G C
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>]_ F.aD*T
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成像一般使用自旋回波序列，但其成像速度极缓慢。近来不断出现新的成像序列，大大加快了成像速度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(1)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、梯度回波</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(GRE)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">GRE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列是目前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">快速扫描中最为成熟的一种方法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它可使扫描时间较传统的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列缩短近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">100</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍或更多。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、快速自旋回波</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(TSE)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、快速梯度自旋回波</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(TGSE)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">GRE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列基础上发展起来的，其扫描的速度更快。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(4)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、平面回波成像</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(EPI)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术。代表当今</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成像最快速度的扫描技术莫过于平面回波成像</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(EPI)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术。它是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TGSE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列的基</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">础上演变出来的一种扫描技术。值得说明的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了缩短</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成像时间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人们还采取了一些其它的方法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如非对称视野、半付里</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">叶转换等技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>Q r j i'EI9E7X%J
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成像技术取得突飞猛进的同时，临床医学专家和教授对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的应用研究也取得了日新月异的成就。应用于临床的传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术主要是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及质子加权成像，其在于利用了不同组织间，特别是病变组织与正常组织之间的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">H</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质子含量的不同以及他们在不同组织中的驰豫时间不一样，而得到不同组织的信号而成像，主要反应出组织的解剖结构，大大的提高了疾病的诊断水平，同时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">良好的结构显示，使病变特别是颅内病变的定位更为精确，为颅脑外科的发展特别是导航技术的发展打下了良好的基础。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今年来弥散加权成像重新受到了临床的极大重视，发展极为迅猛。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中水的弥散加权成像方法是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1985</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，由法国学者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Le Bihan</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提出来的，它的物理基础是水分子在媒介中的布朗运动，如果水在物体内能自由移动，则此处会失相位，信号降低，反之水分子扩散受限，信号增高。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，斯坦福大学的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Michael Moseley</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授发表了重要的研究文章，探讨水弥散加权成像在中风患者中的应用，他们发现在常规</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M R I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尚未显示脑梗死的病灶时，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Diffusion Weighted Imaging</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即可明确显示病灶，特别是能清楚的显示缺血的半暗带区，从而为临床医生的治疗方案的制定提供了理论依据，大大改善了患者的预后。由此才引发了通过弥散加权成像诊断超急性脑卒中研究的热潮。到现在为止，扩散成像技术不断成熟，现在不但用于脑卒中的诊断，而且应用于神经系统的各种疾病的诊断，如肿瘤、炎症、中毒性脑病、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">AIDS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、帕金森等等疾病诊断及鉴别诊断，在肝脏、肾、胰腺等其他器官的疾病诊断中技术于方法也在不断地走向成熟。近年来在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DWI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术上发展的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DTI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以对神经传导束进行形态观测及功能的判断。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>g vH/TZ r D
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1993</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，来自贝尔实验室的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ogawa S</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EPI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">序列开展研究，发表了著名的脑功能成像（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">fMRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）应用的论文，奏响了神经功能研究的华彩乐章。国内的应用研究也方兴未艾，早在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1996</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，李果珍教授领导的中医针刺麻醉的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">fMRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的研究工作就已达到了世界水平。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">fMRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不同</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它不但可以显示清楚的解剖结构，而且能显示脑组织的活动信息。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">fMRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过探测神经活动对局部血流量、血流速度、血氧饱和度的间接作用，从而获得激活脑的图像。因此，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">fMRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的应用为大脑功能区的划分和研究提供了优越的技术。由于功能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的特殊功能，临床上现用于研究情感障碍的疾病的脑部表现，如抑郁、躁逛、精神分裂等，也用于研究学习、记忆等人类行为科学。近来不少学者利用此技术进行药物、毒品的成瘾机制的研究，取得了不少突破的进展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> w YP1d*fD#^}
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">fMRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的发展还不能让你感叹磁共振技术的发展的巨大成就，磁共振波谱成像（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）必定给你带来更为巨大的震撼。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的近来的发展使图像分析从大体组织解剖结构进入了分子及功能水平。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要利用细胞活动中所产生的代谢物，根据其在不同组织，不同部位的化学移位的具有特定波形图，而病变发生时就会产生变化，而用于疾病的诊断分析。现在常用的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">H</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等元素的波谱分析方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比常规的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">更早的发现病变，例如对神经系统的肿瘤，当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现的时候一般都是比较大，时间比较晚了，从而往往治疗效果不理想，病人无法挽救了，而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能在细胞出现功能改变时就能发现病变，从而提前得到正确的诊断，大大提高了治疗效果。现在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发展成熟，已经运用于全身各个器官，检测多种病变，都取得良好的效果。近年来，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发展更为成熟，已经从以前的半定量逐步走向代谢物的定量研究，这必定为临床工作带了更大更快的发展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>6^3ct/U-bV.EO[&my
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">心脏及血管领域的磁共振应用在过去的十年也得到了大大的加强。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8 0 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mansfield</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授曾公布了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EPI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">完成的快速心脏扫描的结果，但成像质量远不能令人满意。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代初期，波士顿的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Atkinson DJ</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授发表了使用特殊设计的梯度回波序列完成的心脏灌注的研究结果，开创了使用磁共振进行心肌梗塞检查的先河，引起学术届的巨大反响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1998</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，荷兰的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Wielopolski PA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授使用抑脂的全真稳态进动序列，进行了冠脉的高清显像。最近三四年来血管内</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也已经取得了重大的突破和发展。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
页:
[1]